A selection of scientific studies on biofeedback – from chronic pain and migraines to hypertension and incontinence. For studies using Mindfield products (eSense, MindMaster), visit our Studies Hub.
Note: The full text of these studies is available via PubMed and other academic databases. University libraries usually provide free access.
Chronic Back Pain
Biofeedback in rehabilitation
Review on the use of biofeedback in rehabilitation – from EMG biofeedback for pain to real-time feedback during movement exercises.
Treating chronic low back pain: EMG biofeedback training during movement
Pioneering study on EMG biofeedback during active movement in chronic back pain.
Mind-body therapies for the management of pain
Review of mind-body therapies (including biofeedback) for pain management.
Headache and Migraine
Biofeedback for tension-type headache: results of a meta-analysis
Summary of evidence for biofeedback in tension-type headache – demonstrates significant reduction in headache frequency and intensity.
Psychological therapy of migraine: systematic review
Systematic review of psychological therapies for migraine, including biofeedback.
Neurofeedback and biofeedback with 37 migraineurs: a clinical outcome study
Clinical outcome study: combination of neurofeedback and biofeedback in 37 migraine patients.
Essential Hypertension
Biofeedback for hypertension: a systematic review
Systematic review of biofeedback for hypertension.
Blood pressure-lowering effects of biofeedback treatment in hypertension: a meta-analysis
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on blood pressure reduction through biofeedback.
The effect of biofeedback in hypertension
Investigation of the efficacy of biofeedback for hypertension.
Chronic Tinnitus
Biofeedback-based behavioural treatment for chronic tinnitus – results of a randomised controlled trial
Randomized controlled trial on behavioral biofeedback treatment for chronic tinnitus.
A meta-analytic review of psychological treatments for tinnitus
Meta-analytic review of psychological treatment approaches for tinnitus.
Anxiety Disorders
Differential effects of relaxation techniques on trait anxiety: a meta-analysis
Meta-analysis of different relaxation techniques (including biofeedback) for anxiety.
Matter over mind: a randomised-controlled trial of single-session biofeedback training on performance anxiety in musicians
RCT: Single biofeedback session for performance anxiety in musicians – with HRV measurement.
Incontinence and Constipation
Biofeedback in urinary incontinence: past, present and future
Overview of biofeedback for urinary incontinence – past, present and future.
Biofeedback treatment of fecal incontinence: a critical review
Critical review of biofeedback for fecal incontinence.
Biofeedback or pelvic floor muscle exercises for female genuine stress incontinence: a meta-analysis
Meta-analysis: biofeedback vs. pelvic floor exercises for female stress incontinence.
Stroke and Neurological Disorders
Effect of dynamic EMG biofeedback on wrist function in stroke patients
EMG biofeedback for wrist rehabilitation after stroke.
Treatment of biomechanical deficits in stroke patients using biofeedback
Biofeedback-based treatment of biomechanical deficits in stroke patients.
EMG biofeedback for the recovery of motor function after stroke
Cochrane review: EMG biofeedback for motor recovery after stroke.
Further Resources
Studies Using Mindfield Products
14 publications in which our eSense sensors and MindMaster devices were used – from PTSD research to HRV studies.
- FAQ Biofeedback – Frequently asked questions about biofeedback
- Introduction to Biofeedback – What is biofeedback?
- Possibilities with Biofeedback – Overview of applications
- Recommended Biofeedback Books – Professional literature